Kenji Kuramoto Archives

The US government just declared itself insolvent. AI agents are completing tax returns without human intervention. And the accounting profession is caught between these two massive disruptions.

In Episode 481 of The Accounting Podcast, hosts Blake Oliver and David Leary opened with a bombshell that somehow flew under the mainstream media radar. The Treasury Department’s own financial statements show the US is $42 trillion in the red, and that’s before counting Social Security and Medicare obligations. They then dove into an equally seismic shift with guest Kenji Kuramoto, founder of Acuity and newly appointed Managing Partner in Residence at AI company Basis, exploring how artificial intelligence is transforming every corner of the accounting world.

Deficit Spending Just Keeps Going

“It’s official. We are insolvent,” David announced at the start of the episode, referencing the Treasury’s 2024 financial statements. They show $6 trillion in total assets against nearly $48 trillion in total liabilities. That $42 trillion hole doesn’t even include the $88 trillion in unfunded Social Security and Medicare obligations sitting off the balance sheet.

“Imagine a family making $52,000 that owes $1.3 million in a line of credit,” Blake said, putting the crisis in household terms.

Making matters worse, the Government Accountability Office issued a disclaimer of opinion for the 29th consecutive year, essentially saying it can’t even verify the accuracy of the numbers because the Department of Defense has never passed an audit.

“This is the reason a huge number of people voted for Trump,” David said. “They wanted to stop deficit spending, and it just keeps going.”

Meanwhile, AI Is Eating the Accounting Profession

While the government’s books are falling apart, AI companies are racing to automate the work of keeping everyone else’s books together. TaxGPT announced an AI agent capable of completing 1040 returns from start to finish without a preparer touching a keyboard or mouse. The tool works with existing web-based portals and tax prep software, pulling in W-2s, 1099s, and other source documents, then having a review agent double-check everything.

“Why go after tax pros?” David asked. “Just get in bed with the portal companies and go after TurboTax.”

Kenji, who recently joined Basis after selling Acuity and taking a year off, described watching AI agents handle complex accounting work that made him come out of retirement. “I saw an agent handle complex payroll entries like booking the GL entry, creating an accrual because the pay period didn’t align with month-end, posting the reversing entry for the following month, and building a complete set of work papers,” he said. “I saw this last year, and I was like, wait, what?”

The flood of AI announcements kept coming throughout the episode:

Ramp launched an accounting agent that auto-codes transactions down to the line-item level on invoices, claiming to save finance teams 40+ hours per month
Xero announced a multi-year partnership with Anthropic to integrate Claude AI directly into its platform
Canopy launched a bookkeeping module with AI that continuously reviews books and flags issues in real time
Double (formerly Keeper) released AI Journal Entries that can handle complex, repetitive entries from source documents
BILL announced agents for invoice coding, W-9 collection, and automated vendor payment responses

“Everyone thought we were boring,” Kenji said. “Look at this. All these Y Combinator companies spinning up and fundraising announcements and agents everywhere. Come on. Exciting.”

The Skills Gap Is Already Here

The shift is showing up in real time in hiring data. In 2023, only 18% of accounting job postings mentioned AI skills. Now it’s 30%, a 67% increase.

“The real-world requirement is probably 50%,” David argued. “People are behind on updating their postings.”

But a better question is what happens to the business model. Kenji described how at Acuity, the bottleneck was always people. Plenty of companies needed help with their books, but you couldn’t hire enough accountants to serve them cost-effectively. AI agents break that constraint. One highly efficient bookkeeper might handle 45 to 60 clients today. “Will one person eventually be able to handle 200 clients?” David asked.

The threat isn’t just from other firms. An article on Payments.com found that everyday taxpayers are already using ChatGPT and Gemini to do their taxes before ever talking to a professional. The reason is “speed and simplicity,” David explained. “AI can explain tax concepts, organize the documents, and suggest deductions. These are things they’re not getting from their tax professional.”

Are Tokens the New Billable Hour?

As AI cuts the time needed to complete work, firms are scrambling to figure out how to price their services. Bloomberg Law reported that PwC, KPMG, and RSM are all exploring alternatives to hourly billing.

“This may be the thing that finally gets us there,” Kenji said about moving away from billable hours. “If I just used AI to help me get my work done and I’m cutting down my billable hours, I’m losing revenue.”

“You can bill for tokens,” David suggested, offering a provocative alternative.

He then vented about Earmark’s own token consumption across multiple platforms, including Claude, GitHub Copilot, Retool, ChatGPT, and more. “Two days ago, an automation stopped working,” he said. “We spent five plus people hours trying to increase our tokens and get the automation working again.”

The problem is, token costs are opaque and growing. David introduced two terms gaining traction: “token anxiety,” or not knowing what you’re being charged for, and “AI FinOps,” managing AI costs across platforms.

“There’s an opportunity here for firms to become a token expert and offer it as a service,” David suggested.

Blake’s take was more pragmatic. “It’s better than timesheets, that’s for sure.”

The Window Is Closing

The government that sets the rules can’t even audit its own books while declaring itself insolvent. Meanwhile, AI agents are automating core accounting work at a pace that makes the shift from paper to computers look gradual.

“These agents are actually now becoming a component of our workforce,” Kenji said. “You’ve got accountants and you’ve got agents. This is the future state we’re moving into.”

For practitioners, it’s clear that the tools to dramatically expand your capacity exist right now. But so does the threat of clients going straight to AI and bypassing your firm entirely. The window to adapt is open, but it won’t stay that way for long.

As Blake noted about current AI pricing, “When Uber was new, everything was really, really cheap.” The subsidies won’t last forever. To thrive, firms need to figure out the new economics now, whether that’s value pricing, token billing, or something else entirely. Those that don’t may find themselves as obsolete as the government’s ability to balance its own books.

Listen to the full episode for the complete discussion, including deeper dives into specific AI capabilities and Kenji’s firsthand perspective from inside an AI-native company.

“This is the first year where we didn’t have any crazy day during tax season,” a firm owner told Mary Delaney after 25 years in practice. The secret? They had finally mastered workflow automation, transforming their firm from a chaotic fire-fighting operation into a well-oiled machine where even tax season runs smoothly.

In this episode of the Earmark Podcast, recorded live at the Advisory Amplified conference in Chicago, host Blake Oliver sits down with two workflow transformation experts: Mary Delaney, CEO of Karbon, and Kenji Kuramoto, co-founder of Acuity and a pioneer in remote operations and client accounting services.

The trio discussed how accounting firms can break free from the exhausting cycle of individual heroics and constant firefighting. Forward-thinking practitioners realize documented workflows are the foundation for scaling beyond founder dependence and actually delivering the advisory services clients need.

From Chaos to Control: The Science of Accounting

The accounting profession has long operated as a craft, where success depended on individual practitioners juggling multiple responsibilities. But as Delaney explains, the real revolution comes from “turning it into a science” through systematic documentation and automation.

Oliver knows the old way’s exhausting reality firsthand. “In order to be an A player, you had to be really good at putting out fires, juggling a bunch of things,” he reflects. “You had to be so organized yourself. There was no support system underneath you.” He admits candidly, “I wasn’t an A player. That’s the thing. That’s why I didn’t last.”

Workflows change this equation. Instead of requiring heroic individual effort, firms create systems that support everyone on the team. Delaney’s approach starts with observation, or what she calls “time studies.”

“I’ll take a team of two or three people to our customer’s location and do an on-site for a day, literally sitting and watching our customers work,” she explains. “I’ll watch three people do their tax work for 20 minutes, or three people do advisory. You’ll see they pull up a report. You’ll see they write something down. Why are you writing that down? What are you doing with that?”

These observations reveal areas of waste, automation possibilities, training gaps, and process inconsistencies that might otherwise stay hidden.

From Struggling CFO to Workflow Champion

Kuramoto’s experience demonstrates how workflow can transform careers. Coming from Big Four audit, he founded Acuity but admits he wasn’t naturally gifted at the work. “I was a moderately technical CFO and accountant,” he says with characteristic humor. “Luckily, I have a little bit of a quirky personality and I’m pretty outgoing, so clients liked me. But I was not the most technical.”

His firm’s workflow evolution started with simply moving from paper to Excel spreadsheets. They progressed to digital task management tools, with Kuramoto initially dreaming that someday systems might automatically check off completed tasks.

“I thought for a long time that the epitome of what an ideal workflow would look like would be when you completed some task, somehow the tool just knew it and it checked it off,” he recalls. Today’s reality exceeds even that vision. “Now the workflow tool is actually doing the work. I don’t think I ever even imagined it taking that leap forward.”

Kuramoto found that workflow helped him overcome his limitations. When senior CFOs in his firm documented their processes, he learned from them quickly. “Can I please take a look at your process for how you run a board meeting or raise capital, or how you build a proforma model?” he would ask. “I could learn so much quicker by just looking at a playbook for how they got there.”

This knowledge-sharing transformed Acuity’s recruiting. They began targeting controllers and VPs of finance who aspired to become CFOs.

Making Workflow Empowering, Not Controlling

The biggest obstacle to workflow implementation isn’t technology; it’s people. Senior professionals, especially in advisory roles, often resist standardization. Kuramoto learned this firsthand when implementing workflows with senior CFOs at Acuity.

“They are sometimes the least receptive to change,” Kuramoto admits. Despite being the founder, when he suggested creating standardized processes, the reception was cool. “To them, initially, it felt like more of an accountability tool. Like I was telling them how to work versus letting them feel like they had ownership of the work.”

Delaney’s solution centers on showing the “what’s in it for me” factor. “If we map it out, we can automate some of it. And the part we automate is the energy-draining low value work,” she explains. “All of a sudden they get to do more of what they love.”

The transformation happens when workflow becomes a knowledge-sharing tool rather than a constraint. With better visibility into how people work, firms can identify real problems. “We could identify where someone was a B or C player, but it started understanding why,” Kuramoto explains. “Were we missing out on training? Were we overwhelming their schedule? Were they stuck on tough clients?”

Delaney emphasizes that workflow reveals patterns. “You can see some people are rock stars, but instead of saying they’re just incredible, you start to study what they do and you can train that to others. All of a sudden you’re lifting your C players to be in your B to A players.”

The 30-Day Transformation Plan

Delaney offers a rapid transformation plan for firms drowning in chaos. If dropped into a small firm as CEO with 30 days to free up capacity, here’s what she’d do:

First, “I would make sure I understood what their job is, how we measure performance, and how they will be compensated and recognized.” This clarity alone can unlock 20-30% more capacity because “if people understand clearly their job and expectations and they have something they’re chasing, you will get 20, 30% more out of them.”

Second, “Look at our customers and see if there’s any we should let go or just increase the price.”

Third, conduct time studies. “Sitting there and watching people work, you can see all the areas of waste. What can we automate? You also see where there are training gaps.”

The results can be dramatic. Remember that firm with their first stress-free tax season in 25 years? “They have the process down, they have capacity planning down, they work ahead,” Delaney explains. “They have all the insights to manage every minute wisely. So it’s not putting out fires.”

Workflow as the Foundation for Growth

This workflow discipline is critical during mergers and acquisitions. Kuramoto’s first acquisition taught him this lesson painfully. “The first firm we acquired was kind of a disaster,” he admits. “We had incredibly dissimilar ways of working. Even though on paper we delivered some of the same services, the way we did it was so different.”

They waited too long to integrate workflows. “We didn’t want to disrupt things, so we waited a long time. It was an awful transaction for us, largely because we didn’t get workflow on the same page.”

This experience changed how Acuity approached their eventual merger with 14 firms. “When we went through due diligence, they looked heavily at our workflow. What were we doing? How are we putting it together? Most acquisitions don’t fail because the deal isn’t good. It’s because the integration doesn’t work.”

For firms ready to transform, Delaney emphasizes investing in dedicated operations resources. “The one thing they never regretted was hiring a non-billable person to start really moving on quality and scaling and operations,” she notes, recommending this when firms reach 10-20 people. “The gift you give yourself is having someone who spends 100% of their time looking at how to make the firm better, versus how to bill dollars today.”

The AI-Powered Future

Looking ahead, AI promises to accelerate this workflow revolution. The Karbon-Aider acquisition, announced that very morning, exemplifies this vision. “Aider is all about automating month end and getting you to insights that you can immediately share back with your customers,” Delaney explains.

But she cautions that AI requires careful implementation. “The challenge with AI is it’s highly imperfect. We’re building agents to do the work, but you have to show all the agent’s work, and give it a step for a human to check it and sign off. Because in accounting, you have to be perfect.”

The future Kuramoto envisioned is becoming reality in ways he never imagined. What started as digitized checklists has evolved into tools that actually perform the work itself.

Your Firm’s Revolution Starts Now

The conversation between Oliver, Delaney, and Kuramoto at Advisory Amplified shows the firms thriving today aren’t necessarily those with the most talented individuals. They’re the ones who’ve systematically documented and optimized how work gets done.

This transformation is about democratizing expertise across teams, creating sustainable careers that don’t require heroic effort, and delivering consistent advisory services that clients need. The stakes keep rising as AI tools mature. Firms with strong workflow foundations will leverage these technologies effectively while others risk being left behind.

The good news? You don’t need years to see results. Delaney’s 30-day plan shows that simple steps can unlock 20-30% more capacity almost immediately. And unlike the old model where success required exceptional individual talent, the workflow revolution means firms can build operations that elevate everyone.

Want to learn more about transforming your firm from chaos to capacity? Listen to the full conversation with Delaney and Kuramoto on the Earmark Podcast, where they share additional insights, implementation strategies, and discuss how AI is reshaping accounting practice. The revolution isn’t coming; it’s already here.

AI Agents Now Complete Tax Returns Start to Finish While the Government Can’t Even Audit Its Own Books