Imagine a blockbuster film that grosses hundreds of millions of dollars at the box office, yet the actors and creators are told they won’t receive any profits because the film didn’t make a profit. Sounds unbelievable, right? This scenario is all too common in the entertainment industry thanks to a practice called “Hollywood accounting.”
Kendale King is a CPA who specializes in entertainment accounting. In a recent episode of the Earmark podcast, Kendale shared his insights and experiences navigating the accounting tricks of Hollywood and highlighted strategies CPAs can use to protect their entertainment clients’ financial interests.
What is “Hollywood Accounting?”
At its core, Hollywood accounting refers to the accounting practices used by studios to manipulate financial statements and make it appear that a successful film or TV show has not generated a profit. This is done to avoid paying profit shares to actors, writers, directors, and other participants entitled to a share of the net profits.
As Kendale explained in the podcast, “Hollywood accounting is a term that is generally used in a deceptive light, where studio accountants or studio execs are trying to make a successful film look like it’s not profitable on paper, so they don’t have to pay out certain participations or residuals to individuals, which are all based on the accounting.”
When actors, writers, and directors are deprived of their fair share of profits, it can take a significant emotional and financial toll. Many high-profile cases and lawsuits have been filed by individuals who feel cheated of their rightful earnings.
Harry Potter and the Questionable Cost
One of the most famous examples of Hollywood accounting in action is the case of Harry Potter films. Despite the franchise’s enormous success, many actors have claimed they never received their fair share of the profits. Kendale noted, “It was a huge success, but the actors were left wondering where their piece of the pie was.”
So, how do studios get away with this? A big part of the problem lies in the complex contract language and how profits are calculated.
“The profit calculations can be complex, and it depends on who’s in charge of determining what’s included in those calculations. The actors weren’t getting their fair share because the executives and accountants were including costs that were borderline questionable.” Kendale explained.
These questionable costs include overhead, marketing expenses, distribution fees, or even interest charges that might not directly relate to the production. This practice can lead to a significant reduction in net profits, which affects the amount of money available for distribution to the talent and creators entitled to a share of those profits.
Best Practices for Protecting Clients’ Financial Interests
As CPAs, we promote transparency and protect our clients’ financial interests. This means being vigilant in identifying and addressing potential Hollywood accounting issues and collaborating with legal teams to ensure fair profit participation.
So, what can CPAs do to protect their clients from falling victim to Hollywood accounting? Here are some best practices to keep in mind:
Thorough contract review and negotiation: I suggested that actors negotiate their share based on top-line revenue rather than profit participation to avoid the impact of studios inflating expenses to reduce profits. However, Kendale cautioned that this is easier said than done: “Negotiating for top-line revenue is unlikely, as it’s not standard practice. Depending on the deal, you might not have much negotiating power.”
Defining clear terms for revenue sharing and profit calculation: Because most industry participants will have no choice but to take a share of the profits, Kendale advised that it’s critical to have clear, unambiguous language in contracts that spell out precisely how profits are calculated.
Ongoing monitoring and auditing of financial statements: CPAs should regularly review and audit their clients’ financial statements to identify potential issues. Kendale advises, “The main thing I advise is to get another accountant or financial manager to audit the financials because they’re open for audits. More often than not, you can have your representative, your own ‘creative accountant,’ go in there and question why certain things are included and push to remove them if they don’t fit the definition.”
For a Deeper Dive, Listen to the Full Episode
This is just the tip of the iceberg regarding the fascinating world of entertainment accounting. We dive deeper into various topics in the full podcast episode with Kendale King.
From Big Four to Entertainment: For example, Kendale shares his journey from working at a Big Four accounting firm to launching his practice specializing in entertainment accounting. He discusses the unique challenges and opportunities of serving clients in the entertainment industry and offers valuable advice for CPAs looking to make a similar transition.
How Netflix Changed the Game: We also explore the evolving landscape of entertainment accounting in the era of streaming services like Netflix and how these platforms have changed how content is produced, distributed, and accounted for. Kendale provides insights into the complexities of revenue recognition and cost amortization in this new environment and discusses the potential implications for talent compensation.
How Blockchain Could Revolutionize Royalties: We visit the intersection of entertainment and emerging technologies like blockchain and cryptocurrency. Kendale shares his experiences working with clients in this space and discusses how these technologies can revolutionize tracking and distributing royalties and residuals.
If you’re a CPA looking to expand your knowledge and stay ahead of the curve in the rapidly changing world of entertainment accounting, listen to the full Earmark Podcast episode.
And if you like what you hear, subscribe to Kendale’s podcast, Hollywood Accounting, for a wild ride through the finances of film, music, gaming, and sports.
