Podcasts

Which Employee Benefits Survived Recent Tax Legislation and Which Disappeared Forever?

Earmark Team · February 5, 2026 ·

Picture an HVAC technician standing in a Florida hardware store, personal credit card in hand, about to purchase a part needed to complete an air conditioning repair. It’s a routine moment that plays out thousands of times daily across the country: an employee spending personal funds on a legitimate business expense. But what happens next determines whether that simple transaction remains a straightforward reimbursement or transforms into unexpected taxable income.

This scenario is part of the final installment of the Tax in Action podcast’s three-part series on fringe benefits In this episode, host Jeremy Wells, EA, CPA, completes his comprehensive discussion of IRC Section 132 benefits by looking at the remaining four fringe benefit categories and tackling the often-misunderstood topic of accountable plans.

The timing couldn’t be better. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 initially suspended many traditional benefits through 2025. Now, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act has made those restrictions permanent. And ir’s crucial for tax practitioners to understand these changes.

The Legislative Wrecking Ball: What’s Gone and What Remains

Before advising clients on fringe benefits, practitioners need a clear picture of what recent legislation has taken off the table permanently.

No Qualified Transportation Benefits Deductions for Employers

The qualified transportation fringe once covered four benefit categories:

Transportation in a commuter highway vehicle
Transit passes
Qualified parking
Qualified bicycle commuting reimbursement

For employers in major cities, these benefits were a meaningful way to help employees manage commuting costs.

That’s all changed now.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act disallowed the employer deduction for these benefits from 2018 through 2025, with one narrow exception: employers could still deduct transportation costs provided to ensure employee safety. As Jeremy explains, this means “vehicles that need additional security, such as bulletproof glass or a driver, a chauffeur that is trained in defensive driving techniques”—not typical small business scenarios.

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act made this disallowance permanent under IRC Section 274(a)(4).

But there’s a crucial nuance: the employee exclusion still exists for most of these benefits. Employees can still receive transit passes or qualified parking tax-free, within the limits in Treasury Regulation Section 1.132-9. The employer just can’t deduct the cost anymore. This creates an awkward situation where “there’s really not a strong incentive for the business to provide that fringe benefit,” Jeremy notes.

Bicycle commuting reimbursement fared worse. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act eliminated both the employer deduction and the employee exclusion entirely. “Beginning with tax year 2018, the qualified bicycle commuting reimbursement is no longer a thing,” Jeremy confirms.

Moving Expense Reimbursements Apply Only to Military and Intelligence

Under IRC Section 217, employers used to be able to exclude from employee income the reimbursement of moving household goods and travel expenses between residences (including lodging but not meals). It was a practical benefit for companies relocating talent.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act suspended the exclusion and the individual’s ability to deduct moving expenses. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act made that suspension permanent, with two specific exceptions.

Members of the U.S. Armed Forces on active duty who move pursuant to a military order still qualify. Also, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act added employees or new appointees of the intelligence community, as defined in Section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947.

For everyone else, this is a benefit “we just really won’t see that much anymore,” Jeremy says.

What Benefits Survived?

Not all benefits fell victim to legislative changes. Two Section 132 benefits emerged unscathed.

Qualified Retirement Planning Services (Section 132(m)) allows employers maintaining qualified employer plans to provide tax-free retirement planning advice to employees and their spouses. Jeremy describes this as situations where “you might meet with a financial advisor” when becoming eligible for employer-sponsored retirement plans.

The benefit requires nondiscrimination. Highly compensated employees can participate only if services are available “on substantially the same terms to each member of the group of employees.”

Qualified Military Base Realignment and Closure Fringe (Section 132(n)) compensates military personnel and certain federal civilian employees for housing value declines caused by base closures. Jeremy explains how military bases drive local economies, and when they close, “selling a house could be pretty difficult.”

The Defense Department’s Homeowners Assistance Program provides three payment scenarios:

Private sale: difference between 95% of prior fair market value and actual selling price
Government acquisition: greater of 90% of prior value or mortgage payoff
Foreclosure: payment directly to lienholder

The program is run by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and is currently limited to wounded, injured, or ill soldiers and their surviving spouses.

Achievement Awards and the Gym Membership Myth

Beyond Section 132, two benefit categories generate frequent questions (and misconceptions).

Specific Rules for Achievement Awards

Employee achievement awards survived legislative changes intact. Employers can provide tax-free awards for length of service and safety achievements, but the rules are rigid.

Safety achievement awards cannot go to “a manager, administrator, clerical employee, or other professional employee.” Jeremy clarifies the recipient must be “someone that is actually in a line of work within that company where safety could be an issue.” For example, awards can go to workers on factory floors or construction sites, but not office workers.

No more than 10% of eligible employees can receive safety awards annually.

Length of service awards require at least five years of employment. Jeremy notes these are “usually ten, 15, 20 years” in practice.

For both categories, the awards must meet the following requirements:

It must be tangible personal property (such as the “stereotypical gold wristwatch”)
It cannot be cash, cash equivalents, vacations, meals, lodging, event tickets, or securities
The award must involve a “meaningful presentation,” such as a sort of ceremony or all-hands meeting
The award cannot create conditions suggesting disguised compensation

There are also dollar limits to keep in mind. The award value is limited to $1,600 per employee per year for qualified plan awards, and $400 for non-qualified awards. A qualified plan must be written and not discriminate toward highly compensated employees.

Athletic Facilities: The Question That Won’t Die

Jeremy addresses a common question from self-employed clients: “How do I let my business write off my gym membership?”

But gym memberships are inherently personal expenses, and therefore not deductible.

The athletic facilities benefit under IRC Section 132(j-4) requires the facility be “owned or leased and operated by the employer” for the “substantially exclusive use” of employees, spouses, and dependent children.

The following absolutely do not qualify:

Gym memberships
Country club memberships
Personal trainers
Any fitness program open to the public

Jeremy sympathizes with self-employed clients who want to look good for their clientele, but wanting doesn’t make it deductible. The only path requires the business to literally own or operate the gym itself.

The Three-Requirement Test for Accountable Plans

When employees spend their own money on business expenses, accountable plans determine whether reimbursements are tax-free or taxable wages.

The Employee’s Dilemma

IRC Section 62(a)(1) creates a problem. Employees cannot deduct business expenses from their gross income. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act suspended the old miscellaneous itemized deduction (subject to 2% of AGI), and the One Big Beautiful Bill Act made the exclusions permanent.

Returning to Jeremy’s HVAC technician example, “They get to a site, they are ready to make the repair, but they’re missing a part.” The technician buys it with personal funds. Without proper reimbursement, “this was not a personal expense. This was a business expense. The employee should expect to be reimbursed.”

Three Requirements, Zero Flexibility

Treasury Regulation 1.62-2 establishes three criteria for accountable plans. Miss any one, and “allowances, advancements and reimbursements paid under a non-accountable plan have to be included in the employee’s gross income.”

Requirement 1: Business Connection

The expense must be “ordinary and necessary for the employer” and incurred “in connection with the performance of services as an employee.”

Jeremy warns against payments made “regardless of whether the employee actually incurs or is reasonably expected to incur bona fide employee business expenses.” Those payments automatically fail the test.

Requirement 2: Substantiation

For general expenses, employees must provide documentation “sufficient to enable the payer to identify the specific nature of each expense.” Vague terms like “miscellaneous business expenses” don’t qualify.

For Section 274(d) expenses (travel, meals, vehicle use), strict rules require:

Dates and durations
Locations and distances
Business purpose
Identity of individuals involved

Jeremy emphasizes “receipts or contemporaneous logbooks” as the standard.

Requirement 3: Return of Excess

When providing advances, employers must get back any unsubstantiated amounts. Jeremy gives a simple example: “You give an employee $100 to drive across the county” but receipts total $40. “The employee needs to return the additional $60.”

A safe harbor exists if the company provides quarterly statements showing advances versus substantiated amounts and gives employees 120 days to substantiate or return the excess.

The Cascade Effect of Failure

Revenue Ruling 2006-56 contains a harsh rule. If an arrangement “routinely pays allowances in excess of the amount substantiated without requiring actual substantiation” or repayment, “all the payments, not just the excess, but all payments” become taxable wages.

The Recharacterization Trap

“An arrangement that characterizes taxable wages as nontaxable reimbursements or allowances doesn’t satisfy the business connection requirement,” Jeremy points out, emphasizing a critical limitation.

This comes up frequently with S-corporation shareholder-employees who engage advisors mid-year. “We can’t go back in the past and look at that and try to recharacterize some of those wages. That is not allowed,” Jeremy explains.

Who’s Excluded

Independent contractors fall outside accountable plan rules entirely. Jeremy clarifies that reimbursements “need to be included in the gross income that’s reported as payments to that independent contractor” on Form 1099-NEC. The contractor then deducts the expense themselves.

Partners in partnerships create a gray area. “I don’t really see a case for using accountable plans for partners in partnerships,” Jeremy says. Instead, handle reimbursements through the partnership agreement, with unreimbursed expenses deducted on page two of Schedule E.

Protecting Clients from Costly Mistakes

The fringe benefit rules have permanently changed, and the remaining benefits require careful implementation. As Jeremy concludes, employers must understand the rules “whenever they provide any sort of benefit or compensation to employees that they want to be deductible and/or excludable.”

Accountable plans are a critical mechanism for separating tax-free reimbursements from unexpected wage income, but the three requirements don’t allow for partial compliance.

Practitioners must know what’s permitted and work to correct persistent misconceptions. Gym memberships don’t become deductible because clients want them to be, and companies can retroactively reclassify wages.

The stakes justify the diligence. Every employer who mishandles these benefits creates lost deductions for the business and unexpected taxable income for employees. And nobody wants that.

This concludes Jeremy’ three-part series on fringe benefits and accountable plans. Listen to the full episode for complete details, and check out part one and part two covering qualified employee discounts, no-additional-cost services, working condition fringes, and de minimis benefits.

Beyond the Policy Binder: Building Workplaces Where Women Actually Feel Safe

Earmark Team · February 5, 2026 ·

“I ended up leaving that company by choice because I did not feel comfortable with him still there,” audience member Kimberly shared, her voice steady but carrying the weight of a difficult decision. “I didn’t want to go to court. But if I prevented this from happening to anyone else, that was enough for me to speak up so I could prevent some other young woman from ever going through that again.”

This powerful moment came during Part Two of a special She Counts podcast episode, recorded live on the main stage at the Accounting & Financial Women’s Alliance (AFWA) Women Who Count conference. Hosts Nancy McClelland and Questian Telka called it their best episode yet, bringing together employment attorney Kami Hoskins and HR expert Julie Thiel for an unfiltered two-hour CPE session about sexual harassment in accounting.

“Seeing all those faces in the audience and hearing from women who’ve been directly impacted by sexual harassment, it was everything I hoped it would be,” Nancy reflected. The discussion tackled the issue from multiple angles, including employees facing uncomfortable situations, employers trying to build better cultures, and small business owners managing client relationships.

The Real Goal is to Stop the Behavior, Not Destroy Careers

One revelation from the session was understanding what actually happens when somebody reports harassment. Many women fear reporting because they don’t want to destroy someone’s career or face retaliation.

“The goal of a good investigation is for the behavior to stop,” Kami explained. “It’s not to put the person in the public square and flog them. It’s not to cause them physical harm or to embarrass or shame them. It’s to stop the behavior.”

Sometimes extreme behavior requires termination. But often, intervention works, behavior stops, and everyone moves forward. This reframing matters because reporting helps create a workplace where everyone can do their jobs.

Harassment from clients and vendors matters just as much as harassment from coworkers. Julie emphasized that protection extends beyond your own company walls. “You are protected both within your company and in how you’re interacting with others as well,” she said. The investigation process and standards don’t change because the harasser works elsewhere.

When Nancy asked how many audience members were managers or supervisors, about 80% raised their hands. This matters because supervisors are legally obligated to report harassment they witness or hear about, even if the affected employee hasn’t complained.

“The supervisor can get the message to the Human Resources department,” Kami noted. “It doesn’t have to be the employees themselves. It’s on all of us to make sure that information gets to this function.”

Simple Words That Stop Bad Behavior

The experts shared surprisingly simple strategies for interrupting inappropriate behavior before it escalates. You don’t need a confrontational script or perfect comeback.

“It’s always easier to interrupt bad behaviors when they’re sort of lower level,” Kami explained. When someone makes a weird comment or inappropriate joke, small responses like “What?,” “That was weird,” “Awkward,” or even a pointed look can work.

Julie’s favorite intervention might be the most powerful: “What did you mean by that?”

“Often, people aren’t really thinking deeply about what they’re saying,” Julie explained. “That question gives them a pause to reflect again.”

Nancy shared a story that showed exactly why these tools matter. At an accounting conference earlier in the year, a woman made an extremely inappropriate sexual comment to a man in front of a group. The comment was so explicit Nancy wouldn’t repeat it on air.

“We were all just stunned,” Nancy recalled. “If a man had said that to a woman, there is just no way they would have gotten away with it. But we were just all so stunned because it was a woman saying it to a man. None of us knew what to say.”

Looking back, “What did you mean by that?” would have been perfect. Instead, Nancy managed only “Awkward,” which, the experts agreed, also works.

Julie noted that conferences pose particular risks. “When people are relaxed and in informal settings, those are often the situations where they make bad decisions.” Her advice is to stay self-aware. Check in with yourself about how you feel and whether anyone seems uncomfortable.

Culture Beats Policy Every Time

The most powerful moment came when another audience member, Katie, shared her experience at a nonprofit healthcare company. Despite being almost all women with male leadership, everyone felt comfortable because of one consistent practice.

“They called it the tone from the top,” Katie explained. “Every single meeting started with a tone at the top, coming from the board members and from the executive leadership.”

Even during days with 13 budget meetings, each one began with acknowledging company values and recognizing someone who exemplified them. This wasn’t performative; it was how the organization operated.

Kami shared why this works. “I don’t think leaders understand how often employees need to hear the message. It’s not something that you can hear once a year or twice a year. Employees need repetition.”

The discussion revealed a critical gap in leadership training in most organizations. “Most leaders get put into leadership positions without any training,” Julie observed. “It’s like, ‘Good luck in the deep end of the pool!’”

Nancy illustrated this with a story from her husband’s job at Microsoft. A colleague discovered he’d been promoted to manager when someone said, “I guess I report to you now.” An email had announced it to his new team, but nobody had told him first.

“You’re taking somebody who’s an introverted software developer who’s very good at technical work, and now he is managing people,” Nancy said. These preparation gaps contribute to cultures where harassment can flourish.

Real Questions, Real Challenges

The audience Q&A highlighted the complex realities women face. An anonymous question asked about an executive who had asked if her “boobs were fake.” She never reported him because of his position.

“Any comments about anyone’s body for any reason are not cool,” Julie responded firmly. Kami added that while a judge or jury determines if something legally constitutes harassment, it’s clearly “problematic behavior that should not have happened.”

For those fearing powerful harassers, Kami noted many employers have anonymous ethics helplines. “Having been on the inside of a legal department, I can tell you a lot of work goes into maintaining anonymity.”

Michelle, a volunteer firefighter, raised another challenge: inadequate investigations in volunteer organizations. She described a situation where someone was falsely accused, and the accused faced immediate threats of expulsion before any investigation.

“That’s why that investigation is so critical,” Kami responded. “We want to do good fact-gathering before we make decisions about what to do next.”

Kimberly asked about the “he said, she said” problem, when harassment happens privately with no witnesses or proof. “How do you prove that?” she asked, describing her own experience reporting someone in power.

“If there’s no reason for me not to believe you, I would still address it,” Julie reassured her. She explained that HR’s job is to remain neutral and hold everyone accountable. Even without proof, strategies exist to ensure behavior doesn’t continue, such as never being alone with that person again, check-ins, and accountability measures.

“If there’s no proof, it’s hard to win in court,” Kami acknowledged. “But that doesn’t mean there aren’t a whole other universe of resolutions available to ensure the behavior stops.”

Resources for Every Organization Size

When Nancy asked about resources for small firms that don’t have an HR department, Julie recommended fractional and outsourced support. Just as firms use fractional CFOs, they can access fractional HR and legal expertise. “Building that relationship can be important,” Julie advised. “This isn’t the kind of stuff you want to guess about.”

For those needing to escalate beyond their employer, resources include:

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) at the federal level
State civil rights divisions
Anonymous ethics helplines within larger companies
Employment attorneys for serious cases

Kami emphasized starting with your employer when possible, but “there’s always opportunities to go outside of the organization.”

Measuring What Matters

For an audience of accounting professionals, Kami offered data-driven accountability. “You can actually look at the data and see if your culture is working for you.”

Key metrics include:

Retention rates
Efficiency metrics
Promotion patterns across genders
Pay equity (“same role, same experience, different comp?”)

“In addition to all the warm and fuzzy stuff,” Kami said, “there are really tactical, measurable metrics organizations can look at to make sure they’re keeping themselves honest.”

Your Voice Is Your Power

The session closed with Questian sharing a quote from Melinda Gates. “Women speaking up for themselves is the strongest force we have to change the world.”

Julie’s admission resonated throughout the room. “I was 50 learning how to find my voice, and I am still finding my voice at 55.” Finding your voice is an ongoing practice that gets stronger with use.

For women in accounting firms, corporations, or running their own practices, these insights offer a path forward. Not just policies on paper, but real cultural change that makes speaking up safe and normal.

Listen to both parts of this special She Counts episode to hear the full conversation, including more audience questions and expert guidance. Follow She Counts on LinkedIn to join the conversation about creating workplaces where women don’t have to choose between their safety and their careers.

Because as Kimberly’s story reminds us, no woman should have to leave a job she loves to escape harassment. It’s time to change the culture, not just the policy.

The Accounting Profession Has AI Completely Backwards

Earmark Team · February 5, 2026 ·

When Accounting Today surveyed industry thought leaders about AI’s impact on the profession, every expert agreed that AI would automate the boring stuff like bank reconciliations, data entry, and transaction matching while humans would rise to strategic advisory work. Not one thought their own job was at risk.

On a recent episode of The Accounting Podcast, hosts Blake Oliver and David Leary did something clever. They fed the same questions to ChatGPT, asking it to respond as an accounting thought leader. The AI’s answers were just as good as the human experts’.

“None of the accounting thought leaders think their job could be replaced,” David said, “which is crazy because essentially AI can at least do the thought leader job.”

Blake and David argue that the profession has AI’s impact exactly backwards. While everyone confidently predicts automation will eliminate mundane bookkeeping tasks, the technology actually excels at synthesis, narrative-building, and strategic analysis—the very work that defines “thought leadership.”

What AI Actually Does Well

The standard story about AI in accounting is machines will handle the boring, repetitive tasks while humans ascend to strategic advisory work. It’s comforting and logical. But according to Blake and David, it’s completely wrong.

“AI can take financial statement information and turn it into a narrative better than I can, better than almost anyone can at this point,” Blake states. “That’s what we should be using it for.”

Consider Mike Salvatore, a Chicago business owner with two cafes, two bars, and a bike shop. He used to analyze his cost of goods once or twice a year, spending hours crunching numbers. Now he does it every three weeks by feeding data from QuickBooks and his point-of-sale system into Google’s NotebookLM, which creates a podcast-style summary of his business performance. He sends these AI-generated recordings to his managers.

“It’s essentially my CFO,” Salvatore told The Wall Street Journal.

This isn’t AI doing mundane bookkeeping; it’s performing executive-level analysis and communication.

Blake’s own experience drives the point home. He built an AI system that turns news articles into detailed research notes and social media posts. That work used to eat up hours each week. He also trained an AI ghost writer on hundreds of his past writings. Now he can dictate a voice memo and get back a polished article in his own style.

“Basically, it has made it so, as ‘thought leader,’ I don’t do any of that anymore,” he admits. “It’s like I have a team that does that for me. I started working out and I’m just enjoying life.”

Meanwhile, the supposedly “easy” transactional work is stubbornly resistant to automation. David, who spent years taking QuickBooks support calls before co-founding the podcast, gets fired up about this misconception.

“Matching bank feeds is not bookkeeping. That’s just matching,” he argues. “Accounting is sending an invoice to somebody so they’ll pay me.”

He describes his recent struggle trying to upload an invoice to a client portal. It’s a “mundane” task that should be simple but isn’t. The process requires navigating confusing interfaces, making contextual decisions, and handling exceptions that don’t fit predetermined patterns. AI can’t do this reliably because it lacks the real-world context that humans take for granted.

The disconnect is striking. Thought leaders keep repeating the same message they’ve preached about cloud accounting for a decade: technology will free you up for advisory work. But as David points out, “I don’t think AI is freeing up your time to do that work yourself.” Instead, AI is doing the advisory work directly.

Are You Willing to See the Opportunity?

Where things get interesting is the same AI capabilities that threaten thought leaders create a massive opportunity for regular practitioners if they’re willing to see it.

Mike Salvatore, the Chicago business owner interviewed by the Wall Street Journal, wasn’t working with an accountant before. His AI “CFO” didn’t displace a human. He simply started getting insights he’d never received.

“Very few accountants serving Main Street businesses will actually do that kind of work for a price these business owners want to pay,” Blake explains. “So they do it themselves, but they don’t do it often and they don’t do it well.”

AI is filling a vacuum, not replacing existing services. And that vacuum is huge.

If a business owner can get advisory insights that are even 50-80% accurate from AI, that’s better than the nothing they’re getting now. The question for accounting firms is whether to let clients figure this out themselves or to offer AI-powered advisory services with professional oversight.

“Firms can feed data from clients’ QuickBooks files and their point of sale systems into these tools to generate AI analysis,” Blake suggests. “You can charge for it, because you’re adding the oversight—checking the numbers, making sure it actually makes sense.”

David connects this to a decade-old challenge. He remembers when LivePlan tried to train bookkeepers to offer business planning services. “They really struggled with it because they’re good at bookkeeping. But it’s hard to teach somebody to tell a story and create the narrative around the numbers.”

Now, “all those bookkeepers can basically offer that with AI out of the box and charge for that additional service.”

When ChatGPT (playing the role of thought leader) was asked what would make it worry about being replaced, it gave a revealing answer: clients accepting “AI-generated advice as good enough, even in ambiguous scenarios.”

Blake’s interpretation is blunt. “That’s what AI will fill—the gap in the market where accountants aren’t providing the service. There’s a big gap and there aren’t enough of us.”

Why Billable Hours Kill Innovation

One survey question asked about the “AI premium.” How much more should an AI-savvy accountant earn compared to an identical colleague who doesn’t use AI? The thought leaders said these employees should obviously be paid more.

Blake laughed at this. “How can you pay them more if you’re looking at them in terms of billable hours? AI is going to actually reduce their billable hours, not add more.”

If an employee uses AI to finish work in half the time, they bill half the hours. Under the traditional model, they look less productive, not more. Under the traditional model, “you should pay the AI employees less because they’re working less,” Blake points out.

This creates a ridiculous situation where your most innovative, efficient employees appear to be your worst performers.

Ryan Lazanis, who built and sold an accounting firm and now coaches other firm owners, has a different approach. He focuses on just two numbers: bottom-line profit and monthly recurring revenue. Not billable hours, utilization rates, or time per client.

“He is not breaking it down by client. He’s not looking at individual job profitability,” Blake explains. The only thing that matters is whether the firm made money over the year.

This makes sense because staff costs are fixed. “The amount of hours they spend has no impact on your profitability,” Blake notes. You only need to worry if one client is so demanding they prevent you from taking on others.

“You don’t have to track hours for months to figure out which clients are eating up your profits,” David adds. “You just go to your team and say, ‘Who’s the biggest pain in the ass client?’ And they’re going to tell you.”

There’s also a technical angle to consider. Blake cites research showing AI is nearly 100% accurate on tasks that take humans 4-5 minutes. That accuracy drops for longer tasks, but the threshold is “doubling every seven months.” By the end of 2026, AI might handle 10- to 20-minute tasks reliably.

But this only matters if firms can capture the productivity gains. Under billable hours, faster work just means more hours to fill. Under outcome-based metrics, faster work means more capacity for growth.

Is the AI Accounting Influencer Coming?

As the episode wraps up, Blake and David float an idea that captures the absurdity of the current moment. They’re considering creating an AI accounting influencer—a completely artificial thought leader to see if it can build a following comparable to real industry voices.

“Let’s make an AI accounting influencer and see if we can build its following to eclipse that of those real influencers,” Blake suggests. They could have it write newsletters, create content, maybe even land sponsorship deals.

It’s partly a joke, but it makes a serious point. If an AI can answer thought leadership survey questions as well as humans, write articles, and provide strategic insights, what exactly makes human thought leaders irreplaceable?

The answer might be less comfortable than the profession wants to admit.

Looking Ahead

The Accounting Today survey offered some important insights, though probably not what it intended. The people most confident about AI’s limited impact are those whose work AI does best. When ChatGPT generated answers indistinguishable from human experts, it demonstrated the very vulnerability those experts deny.

The real story is that AI excels at synthesis and narrative, which are the heart of advisory work, but struggles with the contextual, exception-filled world of everyday bookkeeping.

Firm owners should rethink their services to capture the advisory opportunity AI makes possible, and abandon billable hours before they strangle your ability to innovate.

For individual practitioners doing transactional work, the news is actually good. Your skills remain valuable precisely because your work requires the messy, contextual judgment that AI lacks.

And for thought leaders? As David observed with obvious frustration, the elitist attitude that “I’m better than you” has been in accounting for 30 years. “The reality is completely opposite. People are completely missing what’s really going to be replaced by AI.”

The race isn’t between humans and machines. It’s between practitioners who recognize AI’s true capabilities and those who cling to comfortable narratives while missing the transformation happening around them.

To hear more about Blake’s AI-powered lifestyle, David’s thoughts on what bookkeeping really is, and their plan to create an AI influencer that might outperform the human ones, listen to episode 469 of The Accounting Podcast.

How to File 1099s Without the January Scramble

Earmark Team · February 2, 2026 ·

Alicia Katz Pollock, host of The Unofficial QuickBooks Accountants Podcast, just spent a week in what she calls “1099 Heaven,” teaching her comprehensive 1099 class and attending Nancy McClelland’s Ask a CPA workshop. She came away from that week ready to share a concentrated breakdown of everything accounting professionals need to know about 1099 filing.

“I’ve been watching the socials and people are asking, ‘Which report do I run so to filter out payments under $600 and payment processors?’ and, ‘How do I export to Excel?’” Alicia observes. “And the truth is, you don’t need to.”

QuickBooks Online has built-in tools that handle most of the filtering and analysis automatically. Yet every January, accounting forums light up with practitioners frantically exporting data to Excel, second-guessing payment methods, and chasing down W-9 forms as the deadline approaches.

In episode 125, Alicia breaks down what you actually need to know, including who qualifies for a 1099 (and why small errors won’t hurt you), which payment methods trigger reporting in our fintech-heavy world, and the QuickBooks tools that eliminate hours of manual work.

Understanding 1099 Compliance

Before diving into QuickBooks tricks and automation, you need to understand what these forms actually accomplish, and what’s changing in 2026.

Essentially, the 1099 system exists because the IRS wants to verify that contractors report their income. When you pay another business for services, you’re telling the IRS about that payment. They match your report against what the contractor claims on their taxes, making sure nobody’s working under the table.

“Literally millions of dollars, if not billions of dollars, is wasted in lost productivity while we chase down W-9 forms and file all these forms and do all of our research just to make sure that everybody is on the up and up,” Alicia says, not holding back her frustration. “So it’s kind of a vicious cycle.”

What’s New for 2026

This year brings a significant addition with Form 1099-DA for digital asset transactions. The IRS is finally tracking cryptocurrency sales and income, attempting to bring crypto economics into the traditional tax framework.

The $600 threshold that’s been in place for decades stays the same this year, but relief is coming. The One Big Beautiful Bill raises this to $2,000 starting in 2027. As Alicia notes, “The vast majority of my small businesses and micro businesses probably wouldn’t even qualify and won’t need to do this at all next year.”

Who Gets a 1099?

The rules are simpler than many make them:

Send 1099s to:

Self-employed individuals
LLCs filing as sole proprietors
Partnerships
Attorneys (even if incorporated)
Independent landlords (not property management companies)

Don’t send 1099s to:

S Corps
C Corps
Property management companies

Remember to check beyond your expense accounts. Balance sheet items like prepaid expenses, leasehold improvements, and due to/from accounts might contain qualifying payments. And if one company pays on behalf of another, the company that received the service files the 1099.

The Accuracy Question

Fear of making small mistakes keeps practitioners up at night unnecessarily.

“If your 1099 is off by $100 or $200, nobody’s going to come knocking on your door,” Alicia says reassuringly. “The IRS is short staffed. They’re really not looking for $600 in revenue. But if you’re talking hundreds of thousands of dollars, then it’s a bigger concern.”

The IRS primarily cares whether contractors report income lower than their total 1099s. If someone receives $200,000 in 1099s but reports $250,000 in income, no red flags appear. Problems only arise when reported income falls below documented payments.

Alicia shares a cautionary tale about a cleaning service client who paid cleaners as contractors for 15 years despite warnings. “Sure enough, she got audited after 15 years. And it turns out that the IRS agreed with me that they really are employees, so she now has some fines to pay.”

W-9 Best Practices

The key to avoiding January panic is to collect W-9s immediately when hiring someone. Don’t wait to see if they’ll hit the threshold; just send it. And don’t pay until you receive it back.

If contractors ignore your requests, you have leverage. Threaten to withhold 24% of their payment for backup withholding. “That warning is usually enough to get them to reply,” notes Alicia. If they still won’t cooperate, file the 1099 anyway with a blank EIN. “Unfortunately that might trigger an audit for them, but if they’re not sending you a W-9, well, what are they hiding?”

One persistent problem is W-9 forms often come back filled incorrectly, especially from LLCs. The form should show information for the entity actually paying taxes, not a pass-through or disregarded entity. Many people put their personal name on line one and business name on line two backwards, creating confusion about their tax status.

Navigating the Payment Method Maze

Much of the 1099 confusion stems from uncertainty about which payments count. With the explosion of fintech platforms, determining what triggers reporting has become increasingly complicated.

The Foundation Rule

You send 1099s for payments from your bank account, including:

Cash and checks
Online bill pay
ACH transfers
Wire transfers
Zelle

You don’t send them for credit or debit card payments. The merchant processors handle their own 1099-K forms.

The Fintech Gray Zone

PayPal, Venmo, and similar platforms create confusion. The determining factors are whether you use the business or personal version and whether you’re paying “friends and family” or for “goods and services.”

Alicia recommends asking two key questions:

Does it charge a transaction fee? If yes, you likely don’t need a 1099
Does it have its own bank balance? PayPal and Venmo do, so that’s another sign you’re off the hook.

Business versions of these platforms send their own 1099-K forms. However, merchant services use different thresholds: $20,000 and 200 transactions, maintained by the One Big Beautiful Bill. This creates a gap where payments between $600 and $20,000 via credit card aren’t reported by anyone, and that’s perfectly fine from a compliance standpoint.

For navigating the infinite fintech combinations, Alicia strongly recommends Jennifer Diamond’s 1099Problems website.

Material Reimbursements

How contractors invoice determines the treatment:

When materials are wrapped into the service invoice, you include everything.
When materials are itemized separately, you exclude materials and report services only.
When materials are invoiced separately, you ignore them entirely.

“The IRS knows you’re paying them the full price for the whole service, and it’s up to the contractor to do their own deductions for their own material costs,” Alicia explains.

The Reference Number Secret

Alicia shares a “hot tip” most practitioners don’t know. QuickBooks expense forms have a reference number field that automatically excludes transactions from 1099 processing.

“You would think the payment method would be the thing that allows you to do the exclusion, but no. It doesn’t work that way,” she notes. Instead, enter “debit,” “card,” “Visa,” “MC,” “Chase,” “Discover,” “PayPal,” or “Amex” in the ref number field. The wizard recognizes these and excludes the transactions—a feature carried over from QuickBooks Desktop.

Mastering QuickBooks Online’s 1099 Tools

Despite QBO’s built-in capabilities, Alicia observes practitioners still asking which report to run in order to filter out for the $600 and for the payment processors. The tools exist, but many don’t know where to find them.

The Contractors Center Hub

The Contractors Center, located under Expenses and Bills (and under Payroll, if enabled), manages 1099-eligible vendors from start to finish. Any vendor with “track 1099” checked appears here automatically.

The standout feature is self-onboarding. Invite vendors via email to complete a digital W-9 through their QuickBooks account or the free QuickBooks Money app. The system captures everything, including their name, address, tax ID, entity type, and qualification status.

“Tell them to look for it because it looks like spam,” Alicia warns. “It just says QuickBooks needs your W-9 and bank info and who is going to click that?”

Payment Processing Options

The Contractors Center offers multiple payment methods, including:

QBO Payroll subscribers: Contractors treated as employees at your per-employee rate
Contractor-specific plan: $10.50 monthly for up to 20 contractors, $1.70 each additional
QBO Bill Pay: Standard functionality

The 1099 Preparation Wizard

Access the wizard via “Prepare 1099” in the Contractors Center or the dedicated 1099 section under Expenses and Bills in the new navigation.

There are two approaches available: “Try Autofilled Forms,” which is an AI-powered automation, or “Prep My Own” for manual step-by-step control.

“I tried it this year and honestly they came up with the same information,” reports Alicia. Choose based on comfort level—automation for hands-off clients, manual for those wanting verification.

Custom Reports for Analysis

The wizard includes two reports: Accounts to Pay Vendors and Vendor Transactions. “I turn on the track 1099 status and then filter it so the status is on and the amount is greater than $600 instead of looking at the big list of all the payments for all the vendors,” Alicia says, explaining her workflow.

State Filing Complications

Some states participate in the Combined Federal and State Filing Program, and QBO handles both simultaneously. Others require separate filing through state websites.

Alicia’s particular frustration is that she’s located in Oregon. “it stinks for me because QuickBooks doesn’t export any kind of report that I can import into Oregon’s filing system. So I wind up having to type them all in by hand.”

Corrections After Filing

If you make an error, QBO allows corrections after IRS acceptance. Replace incorrect forms with $0, add forgotten contractors, or submit corrected amounts. Third-party platforms offer similar capabilities.

Your 1099 Action Plan

As Alicia emphasizes throughout the episode, the tools exist to make this process manageable. Stop exporting to Excel. Stop manually filtering. Use the automation that’s already there.

Looking ahead, the 2027 threshold increase to $2,000 will eliminate this requirement for many small businesses entirely. Until then, master these tools and workflows to transform 1099 season from a compliance nightmare into a streamlined process.

For an even deeper dive into 1099 filing, check out Alicia’s Payroll Perfection bundle, which includes QBO Payroll, QuickBooks Time, and payroll compliance training. And be sure to listen to the full episode for additional insights from Alicia’s week in “1099 Heaven.”

Alicia Katz Pollock’s Royalwise OWLS (On-Demand Web-based Learning Solutions) is the industry’s premier portal for top-notch QuickBooks Online training with CPE for accounting firms, bookkeepers, and small business owners. Visit Royalwise OWLS, where learning QBO is a HOOT!

Leading with Empathy: Building Accounting Teams That Thrive

Earmark Team · February 2, 2026 ·

Earn free NASBA-approved CPE for listening to this episode. Visit Earmarkcpe.com, take a short quiz, and get your certificate.

“Star performers aren’t immune from accountability,” says Lisa Gilreath, Managing Partner at Acuity. “Often they perform really high. But you’re going to see the other half of your team suffer in terms of their performance.”

This frank observation cuts to the heart of one of accounting’s toughest leadership challenges—dealing with talented but toxic employees. It’s just one of many practical insights shared during this episode of the Earmark Podcast, recorded live in Atlanta during the Advisory Amplified tour.

Host Blake Oliver sits down with Lisa Gilreath and Valerie Heckman, Accountant Community Manager at OnPay, to explore what empathetic leadership really looks like in accounting firms. Their conversation goes well beyond feel-good management theories to address the real challenges firms face when deadlines hit and pressure mounts.

Why Empathy Makes Business Sense

When Blake asks Lisa why firms shouldn’t burn out their people, her answer is refreshingly honest: “They’re really hard to replace right now.”

This practical reality drives home why empathetic leadership isn’t just nice to have—it’s essential for survival in today’s talent market. Lisa explains that with staffing shortages and people tired of 60-80 hour work weeks, firms have to build healthier workplaces to succeed.

But deadlines don’t disappear. Tax seasons still come. Clients still have needs. The key is finding ways to meet those demands without destroying your team in the process.

Building Breathing Room Into Your Firm

Traditional firms plan for 100% utilization, assuming everyone will be productive every single day. Lisa takes a different approach at Acuity, planning for 75-80% capacity instead.

“You can’t run the people to the absolute end and expect not to be in a crisis situation if somebody has an issue,” she explains. This isn’t about accepting lower productivity. It’s about building resilience into your workflows.

Personal crises illustrate why this matters. “Personal crises, tragedy or challenges never check your calendar to see if you have time to deal with them,” Lisa notes. Over 20 years at Acuity, she’s seen it all—employees who unexpectedly passed away, team members losing spouses, medical emergencies that required immediate attention.

These aren’t rare events. They’re the reality of managing people over time. The question is whether your firm can handle them without falling apart.

Lisa recommends having your “phone a friend on speed dial”—an HR expert or advisor who can provide objective guidance when emotions run high. Small firms especially struggle when close relationships make it hard to separate business needs from personal loyalty.

How Systems Create Space for Humanity

Many firms see standardization as rigid and impersonal. Lisa flips this completely, showing how standard processes actually enable empathy.

“If you do have a standard scope of services for your transactional stuff, you can plug and play people,” she explains. “Paying bills is paying bills. Doing payroll is doing payroll. It’s just a matter of where you get that source data.”

When every client engagement follows similar patterns, any qualified team member can step in during an emergency. This protects both the employee who needs support and the client who needs continuity.

Acuity spreads work throughout the year using recurring CAS engagements rather than accepting the traditional feast-or-famine cycle. “We’re focused on being proactive in those interactions all year long,” Lisa says. This creates predictable workflows that allow for coverage when life happens.

The approach helps team members too. Lisa tells her people: “Build our workflows and build our communication patterns so that if you need to leave unexpectedly, we’ve got your back. Help us help you.”

Reading the Warning Signs

Technology provides new ways to spot problems before they become crises. But Lisa doesn’t just watch productivity metrics. She pays attention to communication patterns.

“I’m noticing when people are no longer engaging in Slack conversations at the same pace that they once were,” she explains. “They’re not showing up in meetings and being as talkative as they once were.”

These changes signal that something’s wrong before performance completely deteriorates. A normally responsive team member whose emails slow down. A strong performer whose deliverables lag. These whispers often matter more than what people explicitly say.

Valerie adds another important metric: PTO usage. “If people aren’t using it, that’s a sign,” she notes. “Are they afraid to use it? Do they feel like if they use it, they’re not contributing enough to the team?”

Her own mother exemplifies this problem, going years without taking vacation because she worried about work piling up. “She would never, ever take a day that payroll needed to be run or the day after in case there were mistakes,” Valerie recalls.

The flip side matters too. Excessive PTO usage might signal disengagement or job hunting. These patterns hide in payroll data most firms already collect but rarely analyze for team health insights.

The Toxic High Performer Problem

Every firm faces this dilemma eventually: what do you do with someone who delivers great results but poisons team culture?

“Toxic workers will take you down,” Lisa states plainly. While star performers deliver individually, the rest of the team suffers. The math is clear—protecting one toxic high performer often means losing multiple good employees.

But Lisa doesn’t jump straight to termination. “I start from a place of curiosity,” she says. “How did we get here? What’s going on with them?”

Sometimes it’s a personal crisis. Sometimes they don’t understand expectations. Sometimes they genuinely don’t realize they need to collaborate. Starting with curiosity creates space for course correction.

The same principle applies to clients. When Blake asks about unreasonable client demands on her team, Lisa’s response is swift: “They’re probably not going to be a client for much longer.”

Acuity holds both team members and clients to their values. “This is how we intend to operate,” Lisa explains. They regularly review their client base to ensure alignment, not just to cull unprofitable work but to protect team wellbeing.

Navigating Industry Change With Compassion

The pace of change creates another empathy challenge. Many experienced accountants built careers on consistency and process. Now they’re asked to develop entirely new skills.

“We liked that about them for a really long time—that they followed the process and they didn’t question the process,” Lisa observes. “Now we’re asking them to talk to clients, and they’ve never had to talk to clients. They just had to fill out the form.”

With AI transforming the profession, these changes feel overwhelming to some team members. The empathetic response isn’t to abandon these people but to “bring those people along at their pace as well as the pace of the industry.”

This is where hiring for adaptability becomes crucial. Lisa looks to new graduates who see AI as normal, not threatening. “They’re unafraid. They will just try anything,” she says. These digital natives may help bridge the gap for more experienced team members struggling with change.

Taking Action This Week

Valerie offers practical advice for leaders wanting to be more empathetic: pause.

“Taking that time when something happens, when there’s an experience with a worker or team dynamic and saying, okay, we’re going to sleep on it,” she suggests. This fights the instinct to immediately jump in and solve problems.

Pausing allows you to ask better questions rather than make assumptions. It could be personal challenges, professional struggles, or something else entirely. Without that pause, you might treat symptoms instead of root causes.

Lisa adds another suggestion: engage your team in discussing a problem and just listen. “They will often lead with things that are coming from a place of fear or concern,” she notes. Understanding these underlying worries helps you address real issues, not just surface problems.

Your Role as an Advocate

Perhaps the most important mindset shift involves how leaders see their role. “I am their number one advocate,” Lisa says about her team. “My role is not just to drive them to production, it’s really to advocate for their needs.”

This means creating multiple channels for support, recognizing not everyone feels comfortable approaching their direct supervisor. “If I’m not the person that you can reach out to, I promise you, I have paths for you to go raise your concern,” Lisa tells her team.

The business case remains clear throughout the conversation. In today’s environment where good people are “really hard to replace,” protecting team culture isn’t charity—it’s strategy. Firms that recognize their people as “the engine” and act accordingly will outlast those clinging to the burnout model.

Listen to the full episode to hear more practical strategies for implementing these changes in your firm. Lisa and Valerie share specific tips on creating buddy systems for coverage, working with HR consultants, and building workflows that respect both deadlines and humanity. Their insights offer a realistic path forward for firms ready to lead with empathy while maintaining business success.